What is an Overdose?
An overdose occurs when the body is exposed to an unsafe amount of a substance and cannot function normally. Anyone, regardless of demographics, can misuse substances and face overdose risk.
What Increases Risk?
- Combining multiple substances
- Mixing substances with alcohol
- Resuming use after periods of abstinence (incarceration, detox, hospitalization) due to decreased tolerance
- Injection drug use, which allows substances to enter the bloodstream faster
Opioids
Opioids are a drug category that alleviates pain and enhances pleasure sensations. Common examples include codeine, heroin, fentanyl, oxycodone, methadone, and hydromorphone.
Every day in Canada, 12 people die from an opioid overdose.
Recognizing an Opioid Overdose — Call 9-1-1 if:
- Person cannot stay awake, walk, or talk
- Slow or absent breathing, snoring, or gurgling sounds
- Fewer than 10–12 breaths per minute
- Blue lips or nails
- Limp or unresponsive body
- Pinpoint pupils
Naloxone
Naloxone (Narcan) is the temporary opioid overdose antidote, reversing effects within 5–10 minutes. It is non-narcotic, non-addictive, and harmless if opioids are absent.
Free naloxone kits and 15-minute training are available at our office.
Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act
The Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act protects those seeking emergency assistance during overdose situations. It shields against possession charges for controlled substances under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.
Stimulant Overdose
Stimulants (uppers) include crystal meth, cocaine, Ritalin, and ecstasy. Call 9-1-1 if the person experiences seizures, heart attack symptoms, chest pain, stopped breathing, or poses danger to themselves or others.
For conscious individuals: encourage rest, apply a cool compress to head while monitoring pulse and breathing.