Safer Sex
No matter what sex you are participating in, make sure you do it safe! Using barrier methods and getting tested regularly are the best ways to protect yourself and your partners.
Condoms
Condoms protect against both STIs and pregnancy. When used consistently and properly, they can significantly reduce your chances of passing or receiving a STI. There are two types: external (male) and internal (female).
Condom Tips
- Use a new condom every time you have sexual intercourse
- Carefully check the condom is not damaged before use
- Use water-based lubricant to prevent breakage
- Never reuse a condom
Dental Dams
Barrier methods like a dental dam can greatly reduce your risk of transmitting or receiving an STI through oral sex. Dental dams can be used for oral sex performed on the vulva or anus. They can also be made from an unrolled external condom by cutting the tip off and cutting down the side.
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
STIs are caused by germs (bacteria or viruses) passed from one person to another during sex or intimate contact. STIs caused by bacteria can be cured with antibiotics. STIs caused by viruses cannot be cured with antibiotics, but symptoms can be managed with medication.
Bacterial STIs
Chlamydia
Symptoms: Burning during urination; unusual discharge; itching of the groin. Symptoms appear 2–6 weeks after infection.
Treatment: Curable with antibiotics.
Gonorrhea
Symptoms: Burning during urination; discharge; pain or itching of the genitals. Symptoms appear 2–7 days after infection.
Treatment: Curable with antibiotics, though some strains are resistant.
Syphilis
Symptoms: Open sores; body rash; flu-like feeling. Symptoms appear 3–90 days after infection.
Treatment: Curable with antibiotics.
Viral STIs
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Symptoms: Painful blisters that turn into open sores. People can pass HSV even without outbreaks.
Treatment: No cure, but medication reduces outbreaks.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Symptoms: Genital warts; may take months or years to appear.
Treatment: Most cases clear on their own. A vaccine is available. Some strains can lead to certain cancers.